A survey of hospital administrators in Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Alaska, eastern Washington and northern Minnesota;
A survey of nurses in that same 6- state area;
A survey of rural physicians in Montana, North Dakota, and Wyoming;
A survey of nurses who are members of the National Rural Nurse Organization;
Key informant interviews with directors of nurses in 21 rural hospitals;
Key informant interviews with community leaders, healthcare providers, patients and family members who live in selected rural communities in Montana, New Mexico, Vermont, West Virginia, and Tennessee; and
Focus groups with those same constituencies as indicated in number 6.
Two surveys: A survey of 2000 healthcare providers in Montana, New Mexico, West Virginia, and Tennessee, and a survey of 1600 physicians in Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine
These research activities were supported by grants from the Rockefeller Brothers Fund/Charles E. Culpeper Foundation and the Greenwall Foundation. The research studies 6-8 were supported by the Greenwall Foundation and included the following collaborators: Joan McIver Gibson, Ph.D., University of New Mexico, Tom Townsend, MD, East Tennessee State University, Jacqueline J. Glover, Ph.D., West Virginia University, and William Nelson, Ph.D., Dartmouth College.