LEGAL FRAMEWORKS
-- relevant conventions, policy statements, and legal frameworks (national & international) pertaining to geoengineering; developed in conjunction with the Energy, Policy, and Climate Program at Johns Hopkins University --
American Meterological Society:
Policy Statement on Geoengineering the Climate System, 20 July 2009 Online
Asilomar International Conference:
Statement on Climate Intervention Technologies, 26 March 2010 Online
Commission of the European Communities:
Directive to improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading system, 23 January 2008 Online
Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity:
IX/16. Biodiversity and climate change, 9 October 2008 Online
IX/20. Marine and coastal biodiversity, 9 October 2008 Online
X/29. Marine and coastal biodiversity, 19 December 2010 Online
X/33. Biodiversity and climate change, 19 December 2010 Online
Convention on Biological Diversity:
Technical and Regulatory Matters on Geoengineering, 12 March 2012 Online
Statement on Behalf of the Executive Secretary to the Convention on Biological Diversity, 31 May 2011 Online
Call for Experts on Climate-Related Geo-Engineering, 21 April 2011 Online
Conventions and Protocols
Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (see especially Articles 1; 2; 9), 1979 Online
Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (MARPOL) (see especially Article 3.1.a; 3.1.b), 29 December 1972 Online
Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Uses of Environmental Modification Techniques, YEAR Online
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, 1987 Online
London Convention and Protocol:
Resolution on the Regulation of Ocean Fertilization, 31 October 2008 Online
Assessment Framework for Research Involving Ocean Fertilization, 14 October 2010 Online
Resolution of the Assessment Framework for Research Involving Ocean Fertlization, 14 October 2010 Online
United Nations:
Framework Convention on Climate Change (see especially Articles 1(8), 3(1), 3(3), 4(1)(d)), 1992 Online
General Assembly: Oceans and the law of the sea, 14 March 2008 Online
General Assembly: Oceans and the law of the sea, 19 November 2010 Online
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe:
Protocol on Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or Their Transboundary Fluxes by at Least 30 Per Cent, 1985 Online
Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions, 1994 Online