University of Montana Style Guide
This style guide aims to improve University of Montana publications and make our communications consistent. With some notable exceptions, UM Style follows the Associated Press Style Guidelines. UM's Mansfield Library provides online access to a Web-based edition of the Associated Press Stylebook that is a fully searchable. Access UM's online AP Stylebook account here.
The UM Style Guide is published by UM Marketing and Communications. See a correction or edit? Email Cary Shimek at cary.shimek@mso.umt.edu.
For more information on UM brand guidelines, visit www.umt.edu/brand.
A
academic and other titles Capitalize a person's title when it's a formal one used immediately before the name: UM President Harley Davidson; James Bond, vice president for public relations; summer intern John Smith; Sally Jones, dean of students; journalism Dean Larry Williams. Honorary titles are exceptions: Bob Deaton was named Social Worker of the Year. Professor Paul Lauren is UM's first Regents Professor. The class is taught by UM Regents Professor Jakki Mohr.
Specify a faculty member's rank, such as assistant professor, associate professor or professor. Capitalize only proper nouns before a faculty member's title: history Associate Professor Shelby Foote, French Professor Emile Zola. Capitalize both words in titles like: Research Professor Al Einstein, Visiting Instructor John Fowles, Research Assistant Molly Keane.
Contrary to AP Style, UM Style does refer to any recipient of a doctorate as "Dr." AP reserves that term for medical doctors only, but the University of Montana uses the term for those who hold a Ph.D. as well.
academic degrees Don't abbreviate. Right: He earned a master's degree in sociology in 1969. Wrong: He earned an M.A. in 1969. See exception below.
Don't capitalize other than normally capitalized words when using the formal degree. Right: He earned a bachelor's degree in English. He earned the Bachelor of Arts (Master of Fine Arts, Doctor of Philosophy) degree. Wrong: He earned a Bachelor's Degree. Right: The student is working toward earning his Bachelor of Arts in mathematics. The student is workng toward earning her bachelor's degrees in mathematics. Exception: MBA is an accepted term. Right: She earned her MBA in 2013.
Don't follow a person's name with academic credentials. Right: geology Professor Tim MacDougal, who earned a doctorate at Yale University. Wrong: Sam Woods, Ph.D. Exception: "Class Notes" section of the Montanan magazine: Donald E. Olson '69, MBA '76; Justice John Sheehy, J.D. '43.
acknowledgment
acronyms Spell out an organization's full name on first reference. Then, unless it's a well-known and easily recognized acronym, use expressions like "the committee" or "the group" to refer to the organization in further references. You want to avoid confusing the reader with what's called alphabet soup.
When necessary for clarity, follow an organization's full name with an abbreviation or acronym in parentheses. Right: UM's Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics (CBSD) received a large grant.
To form the plural of an acronym, just add "s," no apostrophe: ICBMs.
acting, former, interim Don't capitalize, but capitalize a formal title that may follow it before a name. He said interim Dean Julie Williams will be there. She has requested that former President John Swysgood deliver the presentation.
Adams Center Not the Adams Events Center.
addresses
Here's an example of a correct mailing address for the University:
Office of the President
Main Hall
University of Montana
Missoula, MT 59812
Use the abbreviations " St. ," "Ave." and "Blvd." only with numbered addresses: 550 Jones St. Spell out these words and capitalize them when they're part of a street name without a number: Hastings Avenue. Lowercase and spell out these words when they're used alone or with more than one street name: Higgins and Arthur avenues.
Never abbreviate "Drive," "Road," "Terrace" or similar words.
Always use figures for a street number: 8 Parkside Ave.
Capitalize and spell out "First" through "Ninth" as street names. Use figures with two letters for "10th" and above: 6 Fifth Ave., 200 31st St.
Abbreviate "North," "East," "South," "West" and any combinations of those words in a numbered address: 512 Central Ave. W. ; 235 E. Kent Ave. ; 240 S. Third St. W. Don't abbreviate with addresses lacking street numbers: Central Avenue West , East 43rd Street. Exception when referring to South and North avenues in Missoula: Sentinel High School is located at 901 South Ave. W. The trophy business is located on North Avenue in Missoula.
adverse, averse "Adverse" means unfavorable: adverse conditions. "Averse" means opposed to something: I'm not averse to taking the scenic route.
adviser Not "advisor." UM follows the Associated Press Stylebook preferred spelling. But "advisory": He had an advisory role.
Advocates See UM Advocates entry.
affect, effect "Affect" means to influence and shouldn't be used as a noun (except as a term in psychology to describe an emotion): How will the strike affect campus? "Effect," used as a verb, means to cause: to effect change; as a noun it means "result": The effect of the strike is unknown.
African-American See black entry.
ages Always use figures. The boy is 5 years old. The 9-year-old boy lives there. The building is 4 years old.
agreement of subject and verb: some tricky cases
The diversity and talent of our students make us special.
Six months was long enough. "Months," though plural in form, is singular in meaning.
Neither Emily nor my parents think I'm normal. Neither my parents nor Emily thinks I'm normal. When two subjects are connected with "or" or "nor," the verb agrees with the subject nearest it.
Each boy and girl takes a crafts class.
Not only Japanese but also Chinese is part of the curriculum.
She's one of those people who take forever to get ready. Think of it this way: Of those people who take forever to get ready she is one.
The number of injuries was great.
A number of civilians were hurt. "A number of" means "many" here.
Politics is an obsession for him. Words like "politics," "mathematics," "physics" and "economics" are singular, as are all quantities or numbers regarded as a unit.
Alpha Phi Women's fraternity chartered at UM in 1918.
allude, refer "Allude" means to speak of something without specifically mentioning it. "Refer" means mentioning something directly.
almost, most "Almost" is an adverb meaning "very nearly but not completely." "Most" is an adjective (most fame is short-lived), noun (he deserves most of the credit) or adverb used when forming the superlative of adverbs or adjectives (most quickly, most popular). Do not use "most" when you mean "almost." Wrong: Bacteria can be present in most any food.
alumnus, alumni, alumna, alumnae Use alumnus or alumni when referring to a man or men who have attended a school. Similarly, use alumna or alumnae when referring to a woman or women. Use alumni when referring to a group of men and women.
Alumni Boardroom Located on the third floor of the University Center.
American Indian "American Indian" or "Native American" is now the accepted standard. UM program's official name is the Department of Native American Studies. "Indian" is acceptable on second reference. See native, Native entry. Also, see The Payne Family Native American Center entry.
among, between "Among" refers to more than two people or things, "between" to only two. The conversation was between Frank and Ellen. We chose among State Farm, Mutual of Omaha and Fidelity insurance companies.
amount, number Use "amount" for quantity, "number" for individual items: I was shocked at the amount of chocolate he ate. You wouldn't believe the number of people in the express lane who had more than 10 items in their grocery carts. Wrong: Please check the amount of apples in the fridge. See related fewer, less entry.
ampersand (&) UM Style discourages the use of the ampersand. Use only when part of a company's or department's formal name. The College of Humanities & Sciences offers many classes.
annual Don't describe an event as annual until it's being held for at least the second year in a row: The third annual conference of the KAIKs will be in June. Wrong: The first annual picnic drew a crowd.
anti- Hyphenate all except these words:
antibiotic
antibody
anticlimactic
anticlimax
antidepressan
antidote
antifreeze
antigen
antihistamine
antiknock
antimatter
antimony
antiparticle (and similar physics terms like "antiproton")
antipasto
antiperspirant
antiphon
antiphony
antiseptic
antiserum
antithesis
antitoxin
antitrust
antitussive
Exceptions to Webster's include "anti-aircraft," "anti-slavery" and "anti-social."
anticipate, expect Use "anticipate" to mean expect and prepare for. "Expect" doesn't include the element of preparation: We anticipated a rise in enrollment. We expect 25 students to attend the session.
anyone, any one Examples: Anyone can attend. Any one of them could have been guilty.
apostrophe See Appendix A.
arctic, Arctic Circle, arctic fox, Arctic Ocean Examples: We felt an arctic blast. He visited the Arctic.
as, because Don't interchange "as" with "because." "As" refers to time: As I was walking down the trail.... "Because" indicates a causal relationship: The truck crashed because its brakes failed.
Associated Students of the University of Montana Spell out on first reference. If the University of Montana has already been mentioned, use Associated Students of UM on first reference. ASUM on second and subsequent references.
assure See ensure, insure, assure entry.
attribution dos and don'ts In general, name the speaker before inserting "said" or "says": "Pass the chips," the man said, not "Pass the chips," said the man. The inverted order is acceptable when the speaker is identified with a long title: "Pass the chips," said Bill Smith, vice president of Couch Potatoes International. Don't use an unnatural expression like Said the man, "Pass the chips."
autumn semester autumn semester is officially known at fall semester. Registration for fall semester begins in April. Fall semester began Aug. 25.
awards, fellowships, scholarships Capitalize formal names: Melvin and Myrtle Lord Award, Leslie M. Sheridan Scholarship, Rhodes Scholarship. Lowercase "award," "fellowship" and "scholarship" when referring to more than one of them: the Leslie M. Sheridan and Robert C. McGiffert scholarships. See fellow and scholar entries.
Lowercase generic awards such as "honorable mention" and "merit award" unless they denote a formal award as listed on a plaque or certificate.
Lowercase award rank: She took first place. Mary received a fourth-place Grand Award at the science fair.
awhile, a while Use "awhile" as an adverb: My in-laws plan to stay awhile. Use "a while" with prepositions like "for," "in" or "after": My in-laws plan to visit us for a while.
Style Guide Index:
B
baccalaureate a college bachelor's degree.
back roads Two words. Exception: "Backroads of Montana" TV show produced by UM's Broadcast Media Center.
backward Not "backwards."
Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor Science A bachelor's degree or a bachelor's is acceptable in any reference. See academic degrees entry for additional guidelines.
backstage one word.
bad, badly A person feels "bad," not "badly." "Feeling badly" means having an impaired sense of touch. See good, well entry.
barbecue Not "barbeque" or "BBQ."
bells UM is home to the carillon bells in Main Hall's clock tower, the victory bell that rings during football games in Washington-Grizzly Stadium, and the USS Montana bell in the Adams Center lobby.
bestseller, bestselling no hyphen.
between, among See among, between entry.
bi- See prefixes entry, but in general, no hyphen: bilateral, bilingual, bipolar, biweekly.
biannual, biennial "Biannual" means twice yearly and is synonymous with "semiannual." "Biennial" means every two years.
billions See millions, billions entry.
bimonthly, semimonthly "Bimonthly" means every other month; "semimonthly" means twice a month.
biweekly, semiweekly "Biweekly" means every other week; "semiweekly" means twice a week.
Black(s), white(s) (n.) Do not use either term as a singular noun. For plurals, phrasing such as Black people, white people, Black teachers, white students is often preferable when clearly relevant. White officers account for 64% of the police force, Black officers 21% and Latino officers 15%. The gunman targeted Black churchgoers. The plural nouns Blacks and whites are generally acceptable when clearly relevant and needed for reasons of space or sentence construction. He helped integrate dance halls among Blacks, whites, Latinos and Asian Americans. Black and white are acceptable as adjectives when relevant.
Black (adj.) Use the capitalized term as an adjective in a racial, ethnic or cultural sense: Black people, Black culture, Black literature, Black studies, Black colleges. African American is also acceptable for those in the U.S. The terms are not necessarily interchangeable. Americans of Caribbean heritage, for example, generally refer to themselves as Caribbean American. Follow an individual’s preference if known, and be specific when possible and relevant. Minneapolis has a large Somali American population because of refugee resettlement. The author is Senegalese American. Use of the capitalized Black recognizes that language has evolved, along with the common understanding that especially in the United States, the term reflects a shared identity and culture rather than a skin color alone.
Blewett School of Law On first reference: The University of Montana Alexander Blewett III School of Law. On second or subsequent references: The Blewett School of Law, the School of Law, the law school.
board Capitalize this word only when it's an integral part of a proper noun: Board of Regents.
board of directors, board of trustees Always lowercase.
Board of Regents of Higher Education Use the full name or "the state Board of Regents" on first reference. On second reference, use "the Board of Regents," "the regents" or "the board." Capitalize "regent" or "regents" only at the start of a sentence or when followed by one or more names: The regents will meet Oct. 3. He said Regents Conroy and Kaze will discuss the issue.
bookstore, the Do not use. Known as the Go Griz Store. Do not use The Bookstore at the University of Montana, University bookstore or bookstore .
Bonnie HeavyRunner Gathering Place is located in The Payne Family Native American Center at UM.
boy Term applies until 18th birthday. Then use "young man" or "man." See youth entry.
building names Capitalize formal names. See Appendix C for list.
Bureau of Business and Economic Research Spell out on first reference. Use " the bureau" or "BBER" on second reference.
by- See prefixes entry, but in general, no hyphen: byline, bypass, byproduct.
Style Guide Index:
C
Campus Court Businesses located on the ground floor of the University Center.
Campus Dining Official name of UM's food service unit. Change effective December 2019. Do not use UM Dining or Dining Services.
campuswide one word, no hyphen.
cancel, canceled, canceling, cancellation
capitalization Avoid unnecessary capitals. For many words and phrases, check specific listings in this guide. If that fails, check the dictionary and use lowercase if the dictionary lists it as acceptable.
carillon Lowercase the type of bells located in Main Hall's clock tower.
Castles Center in the Law Building
catalog, cataloged Not "catalogue."
Cat-Griz game Do not use. UM refers to the game as Griz-Cat. See Griz-Cat entry.
Center for Ethics at the University of Montana Formerly the Practical Ethics Center.
Chairman, chairwoman, chair Capitalize a formal title before a name. Do not use chairperson. Board of Regents Chairman Clayton Christian approved the motion at the Nov. 22 meeting. Don Simmons was chair of UM's Department of Music.
chapter Capitalize when used with a numeral in referring to sections of a book or when part of a formal name: Chapter 2, Montana Chapter of the American Pharmaceutical Association. Lowercase when the word stands alone.
children Reserve "kids" for informal usage. See infant, boy, girl and youth entries.
China Preferred word for routine references to the mainland. Use the "People's Republic of China" only in direct quotations or if necessary to distinguish the mainland from Taiwan.
cities and towns Capitalize. For local and in-state publications, Montana cities and towns stand alone. In general, those out of state should appear with state names: I lived in Ann Arbor, Michigan, for four years. However, the following cities stand on their own:
Atlanta
Baltimore
Boston
Chicago
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Dallas
Denver
Detroit
Honolulu
Houston
Indianapolis
Las Vegas
Los Angeles
Miami
Milwaukee
Minneapolis
New Orleans
New York
Oklahoma City
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Pittsburgh
St. Louis
Salt Lake City
San Antonio
San Diego
San Francisco
Seattle
Washington, D.C.
Clark Fork River
cleanup, clean up Use "cleanup" to name or describe, "clean up" to show action: He supervised the cleanup. The cleanup operation cost millions. He was told to clean up the mess.
co- Keep the hyphen when forming nouns, verbs and adjectives indicating job or status: co-author, co-chair, co-worker. Don't use a hyphen in other cases: coed, coeducation, cooperate, coexist.
coach Lowercase in all uses, as a job description, not a formal title: football coach Don Read.
College of Business formerly the School of Business Administration. Name change approved by Board of Regents in November 2017.
College of Education First reference: the Phyllis J. Washington College of Education. Second reference: College of Education or the education college. "and Health Sciences" was dropped from the college name in 2019 after HHP and speech pathology departments were moved to the College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences.
College of Forestry and Conservation First reference: W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation. Second reference: College of Forestry and Conservation. Renamed in November 2016 after a $24 million gift from the Franke family.
College of Health formerly the College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences. Name change approved by the Board of Regents in March 2020.
College of Humanities and Sciences formerly the College of Arts and Sciences. Name change approved by the Board of Regents in January 2014.
College of the Arts and Media Formerly the College of Visual and Performing Arts. Name change effective June 19. Schools within the College of Arts and Media are: the School of Theatre and Dance; the School of Visual and Media Arts; the School of Music; and the School of Journalism. The people who head these departments are directors, not chairs.
colon See Appendix A.
comma See Appendix A.
Commencement Capitalize this annual UM event and the specific event at other schools: UM began holding a Fall Commencement Ceremony in 2018. UM will hold its Spring Commencement Ceremonies on Saturday, May 4. Hellgate High School's Commencement is on Saturday, June 4. Lowercase in other uses: Most schools have commencement exercises in June.
commissioner Do not abbreviate. Capitalize when used as a formal title in front of a person's name.
commit, committed, commitment
committee Do not abbreviate. Capitalize when part of a formal name. The Digital Accessibility Committee meets once per month. Find a list of UM committees here.
Community Medical Center
company, corporation Abbreviate as Co. or Corp. at the end of a business's title: Bakke Tire Co. Exceptions are theatrical organizations: the Montana Transport Dance Company. For plurals, use Cos. and Corps.: American Broadcasting Cos. Possessives: Smurfit-Stone Container Corp.'s (American Broadcasting Cos.') profits.
compared to, compared with Use "compared to" when asserting a similarity between two or more essentially different things: She compared his head to a billiard ball.
Use "compared with" to assert similarities or differences between two or more things: The state's largest public university enrolls 13,558 students, compared with its second-largest public university, which enrolls 12,003 students.
comparison of adjectives With two people or things, in general add the suffix -er to the base form: David is the older of the two boys.With more than two people or things, in general add the suffix -est to the base form: John is the tallest of their three children.
compose, comprise, constitute "Compose" means create or put together: He composed a ballad. The company is composed of six departments.
"Comprise" means contain, include all. Use only in the active voice: The company comprises six departments. Wrong: The company is comprised of six departments.
"Constitute," meaning form or make up, may be used when neither "compose" nor "comprise" seems quite right: Twenty-one nations constitute the alliance.
composition titles Apply these guidelines to the names of books, poems, plays, movies, operas, songs, TV shows, works of art and lectures:
Capitalize the main words, including prepositions and conjunctions with at least four letters: "A River Runs Through It."
Capitalize "a," "an" and "the" or words with fewer than four letters if they're the first or last words in a title.
Put quotes around the titles of books, poems, plays, movies, operas, songs, TV shows, works of art and lectures. Exceptions: the Bible and reference books such as dictionaries, encyclopedias and almanacs. See magazine names, newsletter names and newspaper names entries.
Do not use quotation marks around such software titles as WordPerfect or Windows; apps; or around names of video, online or analog versions of games: FarmVille, Pokemon Go, The Legend of Zelda, Monopoly.
Do not use quotation marks for sculptures: The Thinker, Michelangelo's Pieta.
concerted Means mutually arranged or done together. Right: The committees made a concerted effort to secure funding for the project.Wrong: I made a concerted effort to get my work done.
congressional lower case unless part of a formal name. congressional salaries, the Congressional Record
connote, denote "Connote" means to suggest something beyond the obvious meaning: "Mother" connotes "love and caring." "Denote" means to indicate or refer to something explicitly: "Mother" denotes "female parent."
continual, continuous "Continual" refers to steady repetition: Their divorce has led to continual litigation. "Continuous" means uninterrupted: All she saw ahead was a continuous line of cars.
contractions Contractions make for informal, conversational-sounding copy and are acceptable for most audiences. In general, if you use contractions somewhere in a piece of writing, use them throughout. Avoid purely colloquial contractions like "what'll."
controversial issue Avoid this overused, redundant expression. For example: They'll debate the issue of abortion. The class will discuss the controversy over abortion.
convince See persuade, convince entry.
corporation See company, corporation entry above.
couple When you mean two individuals, use plural verbs and pronouns: The couple were divorced last year but plan to share their house indefinitely. But when you refer to two people as one unit, use a singular verb: Each couple was given a party favor.
couple of The "of" is necessary: A couple of apples were rotten.
course titles Capitalize, but don't use quotation marks: Mathematics 101, The Psychology of Sport. See section entry.
coursework one word.
courtesy titles In general, use first and last names for men and women: Jeannette Rankin, Harold C. Urey. Don't use "Mr.," "Mrs.," "Miss" or "Ms." unless in direct quotations: " My parents prefer to be called Mr. and Mrs. Frank Nielsen."
CPA Use "certified public accountant" on first reference.
CutBank UM's literary journal. Published twice a year.
CyberBear UM's online registration system. In addition to registration, hold information, enrollment verification and unofficial transcripts, CyberBear also contains each student's address information, financial aid and payment information, and information on housing, meal plans and parking.
Style Guide Index:
D
Dahlberg Arena Located in the Adams Center.
dash See Appendix A.
data Plural of "datum," so use with a plural verb: The data are convincing.
dates Always use include day of the week and date for upcoming events. Use a comma between the day of the week and the date, and after the date. Author Tracy Kidder will lecture at 7 p.m. Monday, Sept. 16, in UM's Dennison Theatre. For past events, include the date only. Justice O'Connor received an honorary doctorate of laws on Sept. 13. Abbreviate all months except: March, April, May, June, July.
Davidson Honors College Use "Honors College" or "the college" on second reference.
day care Two words, no hyphen, in all uses. Young children need reliable day care. Good day care facilities are necessary.
daylight saving time Not savings. No hyphen.
days of the week Capitalize, don't abbreviate: The lecture will take place Monday, Feb. 5.
Dean See academic and other titles entry.
Dean's List Capitalization is an exception to AP Style.
decision-maker, decision making, decision-making She liked the role of decision-maker. The executive left decision making to his personnel officer. After their decision-making marathon, the bargaining team members looked exhausted.
degrees See academic degrees entry.
Dell Brown Room Located in Turner Hall.
Delta Gamma women's fraternity chartered at UM in 1911.
Dennison Theatre Located in the Fine Arts Building. Formerly the University Theatre. Renamed the George and Jane Dennison Theatre in May 2012. Dennison Theatre acceptable on first reference.
denote See connote, denote entry.
departments, offices, programs, schools Capitalize only the official names; lowercase names when you shorten or invert them: The University of Montana School of Journalism, UM's journalism school, the School of Law, the law school. The Department of English will host a lecture later this week. The English department will host a lecture later this week.
dialogue Use only as a noun, never as a verb.
different Use with "from," not "than," to mean "unlike": She's different from you.
dimensions Use figures, and spell out "inches," "feet" and "yards" for depth, height, length and width. Hyphenate dimensions when used as adjectives before nouns: The player is 6 feet 1 inch tall. The tunnel is 8 feet long. The 5-foot-7-inch center is the shortest player on the court.
directions and regions In general, lowercase "north," "east," "south," "west" and combinations or variations of those words (northwest, southeast, northern) when they refer to compass directions: I drove 20 miles south. Volcanic ash blanketed the western United States.
Capitalize them when they indicate regions: The Rocky Mountain West has had two years of drought. Many UM students are from the Northwest, Midwest and Northeast. UM is the best college in the West. She is from the South. He traveled back East for the reunion.
Lowercase when referring to general regions: Two feet of snow fell in western Montana. Farmers grow a lot of grain in northcentral Montana. The snow storm stalled over southwest Montana. The student hails from western Washington. She now lives in eastern Colorado.
director of athletics title of the person who oversees the athletic department at UM. Capitalize when used before a name. Director of Athletics Clark Kent said the renovation will be completed by spring semester.
disabled, handicapped Use "people-first" language, such as "students with disabilities," rather than "disabled students" or "the disabled." Say "uses a wheelchair" instead of "confined to a wheelchair." Avoid "handicapped" altogether when referring to disability.
discreet, discrete "Discreet" means prudent: I wasn't discreet in discussing my political views at the party. "Discrete" means separate:The system is composed of four discrete parts.
disinterested, uninterested "Disinterested" means unbiased: The expert witness is a disinterested third party. "Uninterested" means without interest: I'm uninterested in football.
Division of Biological Sciences Offers bachelor's degrees in biology, microbiology and medical laboratory science and master's degrees in cellular, molecular and microbial biology and organismal biology, ecology and evolution.
doctor, Dr. use Dr. before the names of people who hold a Ph.D. This UM Style rule differs from AP Style. See academic and other titles entry. Dr. Doug Emlen published a new book in December.
doctorate, doctoral degree See academic degrees entry.
dollars Use figures and the dollar sign when referring to a specific amount: Admission is $5. For amounts of more than $1 million, use the $ and numerals up to two decimal places: The grant is worth $2.25 million. Spell out otherwise: Just how many dollars are we talking about?
Don Anderson Hall Anderson Hall is acceptable on first reference. Houses the School of Journalism. Completed in 2007.
Dornblaser Field Not Dornblaser Stadium. Located on South Higgins Avenue near South Avenue.
due to, because of Due to introduces an adjective phrase and should modify nouns. It normally is used only after some form of the verb "to be" (is, are, was, were). Her success is due to talent and hard work. ("Due to" modifies success.) Because of introduces adverbial phrases and should modify verbs. He resigned because of ill health. ("Because of" modifies resigned.) Use "because" instead of "due to the fact."
Style Guide Index:
E
each other, one another "Each other" refers to two people or things, "one another" to more than two.
earn, receive You earn a degree at a school and receive a degree from a school.
Eck Hall the south wing of the Liberal Arts Building. Previously known as Academic Hall. Renamed in September 2017 in recognition of Dennis and Gretchen Eck's $8.3 million contribution to renovate the building.
Edgar Paxson Gallery Paxson Gallery is acceptable on first reference for the second gallery of the Montana Museum of Art & Culture, located in the Performing Arts and Radio/Television Center.
Education Building now the Phyllis J. Washington Education Center. On second reference, the Washington Education Center or the education center.
effect See affect, effect entry.
e.g. Spell out. "For example" or "for instance." Do not confuse with i.e., which means "that is."
ellipsis See Appendix A.
emeritus, emeriti Use emeritus after a person's formal title, and capitalize when used before a name: Professor Emeritus Ian Lange. But: Ian Lange, professor emeritus. Emeriti is plural: The faculty emeriti share an office.
Emma B. Lommasson Center Lommasson Center is acceptable on first reference for the building formerly called the Lodge. Named for Emma Bravo Lommasson, UM alumna and former registrar who passed away in 2019 at age 107.
ensure, insure, assure "Ensure" means guarantee: The police guarded the building to ensure the workers' safety. "Insure" refers to insurance: He decided to insure himself for $2 million the day he boarded the flight. "Assure" means to make a person sure of something. It always takes a person for its object. I assure you I will be on time.
Ephron Student Lounge Located in the Davidson Honors College.
EPSCoR Acceptable on first reference for Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research.
esports Acceptable in all references to competitive multiplayer video gaming. Capitalize at the start of sentences. The UM team is known as the Grizzly eSports Team.
essential, nonessential clause (same as restrictive, nonrestrictive) An essential clause can't be omitted without changing the meaning of a sentence, so it shouldn't be set off with commas. Any clause introduced with "that" is an essential clause and uses no comma. Right:The bus that stops in front of my house is always late. Wrong: The bus, that stops in front of my house, is always late. Although it isn't wrong for "which" to introduce an essential clause, that usage is considered more formal and academic: The bus which stops in front of my house is always late.
"Who" or "whom" also may introduce an essential clause: The woman who does the laundry comes at 9 a.m. The people whom you asked to dinner called to accept.
A nonessential clause can be left out without changing the basic meaning of the sentence, so it should be set off with commas. The words "which" or "who" often introduce nonessential clauses: The tree, which lost five limbs in the storm, had to be cut down. The woman, who refused to reveal her name, disappeared into the alley.
essential, nonessential phrase (same as restrictive, nonrestrictive) A phrase is a group of words that lack a subject and a verb and so will not be introduced by such words as "that," "who," "whom" and "which." The rules for using or not using commas apply as with essential and nonessential clauses, discussed in the preceding entry.
etc. Avoid. Instead, spell out exactly what you mean. Right: Be sure to take sweaters, long underwear and hats on the trip. Avoid: Take along sweaters, hats, etc.
events Capitalize formal names: UM Days, Homecoming, Charter Day, Family Weekend.
every day, everyday Use "every day" as an adverb: He jogged every day. Use "everyday" as an adjective: For her, jogging is an everyday activity.
every one, everyone Two words when you mean each item: Every one of the pieces fit. One word when used as a pronoun meaning all people. "Everyone" takes a singular verb and pronoun: Everyone likes to work here. Everyone should finish her work before 5 p.m. Wrong: Everyone should finish their work before 5 p.m.
exclamation point Avoid. See Appendix A.
expect See anticipate, expect entry
Style Guide Index:
F
faculty Refers to all the teachers of an institution or one of its departments so takes a singular verb. Use: The faculty is meeting in Brantly Hall. Use "faculty member(s)" when referring to individuals: The faculty members are boarding a bus for Helena. Don't use: Two faculty attended the banquet.
fall semester the official name of the semester that takes place in the autumn: Registration for fall semester begins in April. Bills for Fall Semester 2015 are due in June.
Family Weekend Hosted each fall by the University Center.
Farm to College Program a program founded in 2004 that aims to serve local food at Campus Dining facilities
farther, further "Farther" refers to distance: I ran farther than you. "Further" refers to an extension of time or degree: The detective looked further into the case.
fellowships See awards, fellowships, scholarships entry.
fellow Capitalize formal names: MacArthur Fellow, Montana Campus Compact Fellow. Franke Global Leadership Initiative Fellow. Franke GLI Fellow. The Fellows went on a field trip.
female, male Generally, use as an adjective: Female and male living quarters are separate. Otherwise, use "woman" or "man."
fewer, less Use "fewer" for individual items and "less" for quantity. She has fewer than 10 students. He is less than 5 years old. Wrong: She made less than 15 trips to the store. Jack has fewer than six months to live.
field trip, fieldwork
first aid Lowercase except when referring to the name of a specific course taught, for example, by the American Red Cross.
Fitness and Recreation Center Use "the center" or "the recreation center" on second reference.
Flathead Lake Biological Station Located on Flathead Lake's Yellow Bay. Established in 1899, it is one of the oldest active biological field research stations in the U.S. On second reference use the biological station, the station or FLBS. FLBS Director Jim Elser will speak at the conference.
Fly-fishing Use hyphen. Many students and faculty have followed their passion for fly-fishing to UM. Missoula has internationally renowned fly-fishing waters surrounding it in all directions.
fore- See prefixes entry, but in general, no hyphen: forefather, foregoing.
forego, forgo "Forego" means go before: foregone conclusion. "Forgo" means abstain from: To be hired he must forgo tasteless jokes.
Foresters' Ball
foreword Used at the beginning of a book or report. Not "forward" or "foreward."
former See acting, former entry.
forward Not "forwards."
foundation See The University of Montana Foundation and Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation entries.
Four Bear UM program that helps students graduate in four years.
fractions Spell out amounts less than one, using hyphens between the words: three-quarters, two-fifths. Use figures for exact amounts over one, using decimals when practical: They spent 2 1/2 days at Montana Island Lodge. The building cost 1.5 times the estimated price.
Franke Global Leadership Initiative First reference: W.A. Franke Global Leadership Initiative. Second reference: Franke GLI
fraternities, sororities Capitalize only the Greek letters: Sigma Nu fraternity, Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority.
freelance, freelancer
from, to In statements specifying time, "from" requires "to." Use: The class meets from 1 to 4 p.m. He was president from 1992 to 2000. Wrong: The film runs from 7 a.m.-noon. Her reign lasted from 1890-1911. Right: The film runs 8-9 p.m. The film runs from 8 to 9 p.m. Her reign lasted from 1890 to 1911.
full- Hyphenate to form compound modifiers: She's a full-time employee and attends UM full time.
fundraising, fundraiser One word in all cases.
Style Guide Index:
G
Gallagher Business Building Acceptable on first reference. The full name is William and Rosemary Gallagher Building for College of Business.
Gallery of Visual Arts Located on the first floor of the Social Science Building.
Geographic Information System Use GIS on second reference.
girl Term applies until 18th birthday. Then use "young woman" or "woman." See youth entry.
Global Leadership Initiative First reference: W.A. Franke Global Leadership Initiative. Second reference: Franke GLI
Global Positioning System GPS acceptable in all references.
GPA acceptable in all references for grade-point average. He earned a 3.75 GPA.
good, well A person feels "good," not "well." "Feeling well" means having a good sense of touch. See bad, badly entry.
graduate, graduated from, was graduated from Use "graduate" instead of the colloquial "grad." Avoid the archaic expression "was graduated from." Right: He is a UM graduate. He graduated from UM in 1953.
gray Not "grey."
Griz, Grizzlies Acceptable on second reference or for informal usage when referring to UM sports teams. Officially, the teams are the University of Montana Grizzlies or, for example, the University of Montana Grizzly Golf Team. Montana's women's basketball team is known as the Lady Griz. It is the only women's team known as the Lady Griz. All other women's sports at UM are the Griz. See Lady Griz, Montana, Montana Grizzlies, Montana Soccer and Montana Volleyball entries.
Griz-Cat game Do not use Cat-Griz game.
Grizzly Bear Capitalize for the statue at the west end of the Oval. The Grizzly Bear statue was created by renowned ceramist and longtime UM professor Rudy Autio.
groundwater
Style Guide Index:
H
half- Hyphenate if not listed in Webster's.
half time, half-time Write as two words for the noun or adverb: The band played during half time. She worked only half time. Hyphenate as an adjective: half-time entertainment, half-time position.
Hall of Champions Located in the Adams Center.
handicapped See disabled, handicapped entry.
Harold C. Urey Lecture Hall Urey Lecture Hall is acceptable in all cases. Don't use "Underground Lecture Hall" or "Urey Underground Lecture Hall." See North Underground Lecture Hall.
Harold and Priscilla Gilkey Building Gilkey Building on second reference.
head coach Always lowercase.
Helena College University of Montana (first reference), Helena College UM (second reference), HC (third and later references).
Henry Meloy Gallery Meloy Gallery is acceptable on first reference for the main gallery of the Montana Museum of Art & Culture, located in the Performing Arts and Radio/Television Center.
Highlands College of Montana Tech A two-year school located in Butte.
Hi-Line The northern tier of Montana east of the Continental Divide and north of the Missouri River on both sides of the old Great Northern Railroad and U.S. Highway 2: Winter weather on the Hi-Line can be harsh.
historic, historical "A historic event," not "an historic event." A "historic" event is an important occurrence. Any past occurrence is a "historical" event.
Homecoming Capitalize this annual UM event in all cases. Lowercase in other uses.
home page
honors Lowercase: She is an honors student. He is in the honors program.
hourlong But daylong, weeklong, yearlong.
Hoyt Athletic Complex Located in the Adams Center.
Humanities Montana The state’s independent nonprofit affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Offices located in Brantly Hall.
hyphen See Appendix A.
Style Guide Index:
I
if, whether In formal writing, don't substitute "if" for "whether." Right: I don't know whether I'll dress as an armadillo for the costume party.
impact Use as a noun, but avoid as a verb when the meaning is "affect." Right: The tsunami had a devastating impact on the island. Wrong: The tsunami will negatively impact the island.
imply, infer The speaker implies; the listener infers: Are you implying I'm a liar? From your comments, I infer that you don't plan to give me the job.
important, importantly Right: More important, they need to raise $1 million. Wrong: More importantly, they need to raise $1 million.
in- Don't use a hyphen when "in" means "not": inappropriate, incomparable. But use a hyphen with words like "in-depth," "in-house" and "in-laws." One word in other cases: indoor, inpatient, infield. Follow Webster's Dictionary when in doubt.
-in Hyphenate the noun and adjective forms: A break-in was reported to the police. Stanton was a write-in candidate. Use two words otherwise: Listeners should call in after 6 p.m.
incorporated Abbreviate and capitalize when used as part of a company's name, but don't precede with a comma: Town Pump Inc.
Indian See American Indian and native, Native entries.
infant Term applies to children through 12 months old.
infra- See prefixes entry, but in general, no hyphen: infrared, infrastructure.
in memoriam Not "in memorium."
input Do not use as a verb to describe entering data into a computer. See feedback, input entry.
in-service Example: He gave two in-service workshops. But: The bus was not in service.
in state, out of state Don't hyphenate these words when they stand alone, but hyphenate them when they're compound modifiers: She took a job in state. I traveled out of state this summer. How much is in-state tuition? The number of out-of-state students has increased.
insure See ensure, insure, assure entry.
inter- See prefixes entry, but in general, no hyphen unless added to a capitalized word: interstate, inter-American.
internet The global network of computers encompassing email, the World Wide Web and more. In body text, use the complete internet address: https://www.umt.edu. When used as a stand-alone graphic element in brochures and other publications, the https:// protocol may be left off: www.umt.edu. See email, Web.
intra- See prefixes entry, but in general, no hyphen: intramural, intrastate.
it's, its "It's" is the contraction for "it is" or "it has"; "its" is a possessive pronoun: It's too bad you visited Butte when it was 30 degrees below zero. It's been too long since we've gone bowling together. The mountain lion licked its paws.
Style Guide Index:
J
Jacob's Island Located on the south bank of the Clark Fork River at the northern edge of campus.
Jazz Band, UM
Jeannette Rankin Hall "Rankin Hall" is acceptable on first reference.
Johnson-Bell Field See Missoula International Airport entry.
journalism school School of Journalism on first reference. On second reference, journalism school. Do not use J-school.
judgment
junior, senior As part of a name, abbreviate as "Jr." and "Sr.," but don't set off with a comma: A.B. Guthrie Jr. wrote "The Big Sky" and other novels. When used as an adjective to describe a student, do not capitalize. It was the second double-double this week for senior Brian Qvale. UM sophomore John Fitzgerald won the fly-fishing competition on the Oval.
just See only, just entry.
Style Guide Index:
K
Kappa Alpha Theta women's fraternity chartered at UM in 1909.
Kappa Kappa Gamma women's fraternity chartered at UM in 1909.
Kappa Sigma men's farternity chartered at UM in 1950.
KBGA UM's college radio station at 89.9 FM.
kickoff, kick off One word as a noun, two as a verb: Kickoff will be at 1 p.m. The candidate will kick off his campaign with a news conference.
kids Reserve for informal usage. See children, infant, boy, girl and youth entries.
Kim Williams Trail runs along the south side of the Clark Fork River from the Van Buren Footbridge east through Hellgate Canyon. The trail west of the footbridge is known as the Riverfront Trail.
KUFM-Montana Public Radio Refers specifically to the campus radio station that is part of the Montana Public Radio network. Use "Montana Public Radio" to describe the entire network. Do not use the call letters alone. See Montana Public Radio entry.
KUFM-TV Use to describe the MontanaPBS station that broadcasts in the Missoula and Bitterroot Valley area. See MontanaPBS entry.
Kyiyo Native American Student Association
Kyiyo Pow Wow Celebration
Style Guide Index:
L
Lady Griz Acceptable on first reference for the women's basketball team at UM. Women's basketball at UM is the only sport to use "Lady Griz." All other women's sports teams are the Griz.
last, past Use "last" to refer to something that won't happen again or hasn't recurred: I took the last train to Seattle that night. The last time I saw Mariah was in 2003. Use "past" to refer to something that might continue: He's gone to school here the past two years.
lay See lie, lay entry.
law school On first reference: University of Montana Alexander Blewett III School of Law. On second or subsequent references: Blewett School of Law, the School of Law, the law school.
lectures Capitalize and use quotation marks around the formal titles of lecture events.
led Past tense of the verb "to lead."
legislative titles On first reference, use "Rep.," "Reps.," "Sen." and "Sens." before one or more names in regular text: Rep. Denny Rehberg, Sens. Max Baucus and John Tester, ASUM Sen. Jane Doe. Spell out and capitalize these titles before one or more names in direct quotations.
Spell out and lowercase "representative" and "senator" when they stand alone.
Add "state" or " U.S. " before a person's title only if necessary for clarity: U.S. Sen. Jon Tester spoke with state Sen. Jesse Laslovich.
Drop legislative titles on second reference except in direct quotations.
legislature Capitalize when preceded by a state's name or the word "state" when referring to a specific state's legislature: the Montana Legislature, state Legislature. Retain capitalization when the state's name is dropped but the reference to that state's legislature is clear: the Legislature.
less See fewer, less entry.
LGBT, LGBTQ, LGBTQIA Acceptable in all references for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender, or lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and questioning and/or queer. In quotations and the formal names of organizations and events other forms such as LGBTQIA and other variations are also acceptable with the other letters explained. "I" generally stands for intersex, and "A" can stand for asexual (a person who doesn't experience sexual attraction), ally or both.
lie, lay "Lie" means recline and doesn't take a direct object: Right: I decided to lie down for a few hours. Wrong: He wanted to lay in the sun to get a tan. The present participle is "lying": I'm lying down. The past tense is "lay": I lay down for an hour yesterday afternoon. The past participle is "lain": I had lain down one minute before the phone rang.
"Lay" means put or place and requires a direct object: Lay the book (direct object) down here, please. The present participle is "laying": Stop laying the blame on me. The past tense is "laid": I laid the plastic sheet over the garden plot. The past participle also is "laid": He should have laid the wrench where he could find it later.
like- Use a hyphen when the word is used as a prefix meaning similar to: like-minded, like-natured. No hyphen with words that have their own meaning: likewise, likelihood.
-like No hyphen except to avoid a triple "l": shell-like.
Lommasson Center Acceptable on first reference for the Emma B. Lommasson Center.
long-term
longtime
-long Examples: daylong, hourlong, weeklong, yearlong.
lowercase The absence of capital (uppercase) letters.
Lubrecht Experimental Forest UM's 28,000 acre outdoor classroom and laboratory located 30 miles northeast of Missoula in the Blackfoot River drainage. The Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station of UM owns and operates 21,000 acres of the forest. The remainder is under the jurisdiction of the Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation and is managed cooperatively with the experiment station.
-ly Do not use a hyphen between adverbs endingin -ly and adjectives they modify: an easily remembered rule; the badly damaged structure
Style Guide Index:
M
M Trail The hiking trail that leads to the M on Mount Sentinel above the UM campus. No quotation marks: They hiked to the M during lunch break. The M Trail was improved several years ago.
magazine names Capitalize, but don't use quotes. Do not italize. Lowercase "magazine" unless it's part of the official title: Time magazine.
Main Hall The building's official name is University Hall, but Main Hall is acceptable in all references.
male See female, male entry.
Malmstrom Air Force Base Located near Great Falls.
Mansfield Mall Acceptable on first reference for the outdoor area between the University Center and Mansfield Library.
Masquer Theatre Located in the Performing Arts and Radio/Television Center.
Maureen and Mike Mansfield Center at the University of Montana Offers education in Asian studies, and ethics and public affairs. Located in the Mansfield Library. Use "the Mansfield Center " or "the center" on second reference.
Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation A private, nonprofit organization charged with raising money for the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Center at the University of Montana. Located in the Mansfield Library. Use "the Mansfield Foundation" or "the foundation" on second reference.
Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library "Mansfield Library" is acceptable on first reference. Use "the library" on second reference.
me, myself Use "me" unless you're emphasizing or referring back to a pronoun mentioned previously in the sentence. Right: The panelists included TL Taylor, Cheryl Strayed and me. I myself am to blame. I wore myself out. Wrong: The award was quite an honor for Dan and myself.
media Plural of "medium," so remember to use a plural verb or pronoun with it. Right: Most of the local media are likely to attend the news conference. Wrong: The media is covering the event.
medieval Usually lowercase. Exceptions: Medieval Greek, Medieval Latin.
Meloy Gallery The main gallery of the Montana Museum of Art & Culture. Located in the Performing Arts and Radio/Television Center.
mid- Needs no hyphen unless followed by a capitalized word or figures: midsemester, mid-Atlantic, mid-90s.
millions, billions Use figures ($5 million, 3 billion Dalmatians) except in a case like this: What I wouldn't give for a billion dollars.
mini- See prefixes entry, but in general, no hyphen: minibus, miniseries, miniskirt.
minor academic minors are not capitalized. The regents approved a new minor in global public health. She received a minor in business. Specific program names are capitalized. He directs the Global Public Health program.
minuscule Not miniscule.
Missoula International Airport Located at Johnson-Bell Field.
Missoulian A Missoula resident; also the local newspaper owned by Lee Enterprises. Do not precede the name of the newspaper with Missoulian a capital " The" unless at the beginning of a sentence.
MOLLI acronym for the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute at the University of Montana. MOLLI is acceptable on second reference.
money Use figures. Don't use zeros after even amounts: $8, $4.56.
Montana Acceptable on second reference for UM sports teams: Montana beat Montana State 64-30.
Montana Grizzlies Acceptable on first reference when referring to all sports teams at UM except for the Lady Girz. See Lady Griz.
Montana Kaimin UM's student newspaper. Use "the Kaimin" on second reference.
Montana Museum of Art & Culture MMAC is acceptable on second reference. The MMAC is located west of the Adams Center. It opened in 2023.
MontanaPBS Comprises KUFM-TV in Missoula and KUSM-TV in Bozeman.
Montana Public Employees Association Use MPEA on second reference.
Montana Public Radio Refers to the NPR affiliate and FM network that serves western and central Montana. MTPR is acceptable on second reference. Stations in the network include KUFM (Missoula), KGPR (Great Falls), KUHM (Helena), KUKL (Kalispell), KAPC (Butte) and KUFN (Hamilton).
Montana Repertory Theatre "Montana Rep" and "the rep" are acceptable on second reference.
Montana Soccer This UM women's team may be referred to as the Montana Grizzlies or Grizzly soccer.
Montana Theatre Located in the Performing Arts and Radio/Television Center.
Montana University System Use full name on first reference. Use "MUS" or "the University system" on second reference. See Appendix C for a listing of University System components.
Montana Volleyball This UM women's team may be referred to as the Montana Grizzlies or Grizzly volleyball.
months Abbreviate January, February, August, September, October, November and December when used with a specific date: Jan. 3, 2005. Don't abbreviate when used with only a year, and don't separate the two with a comma or "of": January 2005. Spell out March, April, May, June and July.
mount Spell out in all cases referring to a mountain: Mount Sentinel, Mount Jumbo.
mountain campus a term used to refer to the main UM campus located at the base of Mount Sentinel in Missoula. Do not capitalize. The number of students jumped 126 at the mountain campus, with an additional 358 students at Missoula College UM.
Mrs., Mr., Miss, Ms. See courtesy titles entry.
multi- See prefixes entry, but in general, no hyphen: multilateral, multidisciplinary, multicultural, multimedia.
myself See me, myself entry.
Style Guide Index:
N
native, Native Lowercase "native" when describing a person or people born in a certain place: native Montanan, California native. Uppercase "Native" when referring to American Indians: Alaska Native, Native American, Native people.
Native American See American Indian entry.
news conference The term is preferable to "press conference" because it shows no bias toward print journalists.
newsletter names Capitalize, but don't use quotes or vitalize: UMToday, UM Student Weekly, Griz Family News. Capitalize "newsletter" only if it's part of the official name of a publication.
newspaper names Capitalize, but don't put in quotes or italicize. Uppercase "the" only if it's part of the paper's formal name: The Washington Post, The New York Times. Lowercase "the" if you list several papers, some of which use this word in their title and some of which don't.
news release The term is preferable to "press release" because it shows no bias toward print media.
non- In general, no hyphen except before proper names and to avoid awkward combinations: nontraditional, non-Hispanic, non-nuclear.
North Underground Lecture Hall Not "North Urey Lecture Hall." See Harold C. Urey Lecture Hall.
not only, but also Join parallel structures with this correlative conjunction. Right: He not only criticized my errors but also corrected them. Wrong: He criticized not only my errors but also corrected them.
number See amount, number entry.
numbers Spell out numbers under 10; use figures for 10 or higher. Spell out numbers at the beginning of a sentence except calendar years: Three hundred people watched me get bucked off. 1929 was a bad year for the stock market. See addresses, dimensions, money and percent entries.
Style Guide Index:
O
odd- Follow with a hyphen: odd-looking, odd-numbered.
off- Hyphenate if not listed in Webster's. Examples: off-color, off-season, off-white, offhand, offstage.
-off Hyphenate if not listed in Webster's. Examples: send-off, cutoff, playoff, takeoff.
Office of Public Safety Do not use. Renamed the UM Police Department effective fall 2014.
Office of Transportation Do not use ASUM Office of Transportation.
offices See departments, offices, programs, schools entry.
off of The "of" is unnecessary: She fell off the horse.
OK Not "O.K." or "okay." Also: OK'd, OK'ing, OKs
Old Journalism Building Do not use. The building near Urey is now known as Stone Hall in all cases. Houses forestry college offices and classrooms.
one another See each other, one another entry.
online One word in all cases for the computer connection term.
Open Space A performance area in the Performing Arts and Radio/Television Center.
out- Hyphenate if not listed in Webster's: outpatient, output, outdated.
-out Hyphenate nouns and adjectives not listed in Webster's: hide-out, walkout, fallout.
out of state See in state, out of state entry.
Oval Capitalize this area of campus: Relay for Life is held on the Oval each spring. Do not capitalize "the" before Oval. Lowercase in other uses. The rug was oval in shape.
over- Follow Webster's. Rarely takes a hyphen: overrated, overexert, overriding.
-over When used as a noun, hyphenate if not listed in Webster's: carry-over, holdover, takeover. When used as a verb, write as two words: Protesters threatened to take over City Hall.
Style Guide Index:
P
page numbers Use figures and capitalize "page" when used with figures: Page 5.
parentheses See Appendix A.
Park-N-Ride UM's free shuttle service is known as UDASH. Do not use Park-N-Ride.
passer-by, passers-by
Paxson Gallery Located in the Performing Arts and Radio/Television Center.
The Payne Family Native American Center Capitalize "The." On second reference either the Payne Center or the Native American center.
PEAS Farm A six-acre farm in the Rattlesnake Valley managed by UM's Program in Ecological Agriculture and Society. "PEAS" or "PEAS Farm" is acceptable on first reference; however, do not use the redundant "PEAS Program."
percent Use the % sign when paired with a numeral, with no space, in most cases (a change in 2019): 1%. The poll found 78% of Montanans did not know the name of the state's highest natural point. The margin of error is 4 percentage points.
Performing Arts and Radio/Television Center Spell out on first reference. Use " PAR/TV Center" or "the center" on second reference.
person, persons, people Use "person" when referring to an individual: One person arrived on time. Use "people" for more than one person. Avoid "persons" except when it's in a direct quote or a title: the Bureau of Missing Persons.
persuade, convince You are persuaded to do something but convinced that something is so. Right: He persuaded me to finish the job. He convinced me that I should balance the checkbook. Wrong: He persuaded me that I was the right person for the job. He convinced me to go to the store.
Phi Delta Theta men's fraternity originally chartered at UM in 1921 and recolonized in 2011.
Phyllis Washington Park Amphitheater Located near the Prescott House on the east side of campus against Mount Sentinel.
Phyllis J. Washington Education Center The former Education Building. On second reference, "the Washington Education Center" or "the education center". The job fair is sponsored by the Phyllis J. Washington College of Education. It will be held Tuesday, May 2, in the Phyllis J. Washington Education Center.
Phyllis J. Washington College of Education Do not use Phyllis J. Washington College of Education and Human Sciences, as the human science departments were moved to the College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences in 2019.
playoff
police Officers who work for the University of Montana Police Departmart or the City of Missoula Police Department. Do not use "cops."
pompom
possessives: plural
Add an apostrophe and "s" to plural nouns not ending in "s": people's, children's. Add only an apostrophe to plural nouns ending in "s": dogs' food.
possessives: singular
Add an apostrophe and "s" to singular nouns not ending in "s": boy's friend, Karl Marx's book, Professor Kia's class.
Add an apostrophe and "s" to singular common nouns ending in "s" unless the next word begins with "s": the hostess's dress, the hostess' swimming pool.
Use only an apostrophe with singular proper names ending in "s": Dickens' book, Jesus' teachings.
Use only an apostrophe with words that don't end in "s" but that end in an "s" sound and are followed by a word beginning with "s": for appearance' sake, for conscience' sake. When such words are followed by a word not beginning with "s," use an apostrophe and "s."
possessives: some tricky cases
Use a possessive form after the last word if ownership is joint (John and Georgia's chess game) and after both words if the objects are individually owned (Phil's and Ken's garages).
Use the possessive in cases like the following where the focus is on the activity, not the person: John's constantly playing Xbox drives me bonkers. Dad doesn't approve of my betting on horses.
In cases where the focus is on the person rather than the activity, don't use the possessive: I noticed the man playing racquetball.
post- Hyphenate if not listed in Webster's. Examples of unhyphenated words: postdoctoral, postgraduate, postwar. But hyphenate others: post-secondary, post-mortem, post-baccalaureate.
powwow
prefixes In general, use a hyphen if the prefix ends in a vowel and the word that follows begins with the same vowel: re-elect. Some exceptions: cooperate, coordinate.
Use a hyphen if the word that follows is capitalized: mid-America.
Use a hyphen to link doubled prefixes: sub-subparagraph.
preschool
president Capitalize only as a formal title before one or more names: President Seth Bodnar, Presidents Clinton and Bush. Lowercase otherwise: The president made his presentation to the Legislature last week. Don't abbreviate.
President's Advisory Council
Presidents Day Holiday in February. No apostrophe is an exception to Webster's New World College Dictionary
President's Lecture Series
President's Office
Presidents Room Located in Brantly Hall, this room contains photos of UM presidents.
preventive (adj.), preventative (n.) He practices preventive medicine. She takes echinacea as a cold preventative.
programs See departments, offices, programs, schools entry.
proved, proven Use "proved" as a verb: The vaccine, which has been proved to kill mice, is now available for humans. Use "proven" as an adjective: It's a proven product.
Public Safety, Office of Do not use. Renamed the University of Montana Police Department effective August 2014.
punctuation See Appendix A.
Style Guide Index:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W XYZ
R
radio station The call letters alone often are enough, but for clarity you can use an expression like "radio station KBGA."
re- See prefixes entry. The following exceptions to Webster's are consistent with the general rule that you use a hyphen if the prefix ends in a vowel and the following word begins with the same vowel: re-enact, re-enlist, re-examine, re-establish.
receive See earn, receive entry.
refer See allude, refer entry.
regents See Board of Regents of Higher Education entry.
Regents Professor Capitalize in all cases. Regents Professor Paul Lauren delivered the keynote address. Jakki Mohr was the first female Regents Professor in Montana. See academic and other titles entry.
regions See directions and regions entry.
renaissance Capitalize when referring to the period: She's a great admirer of Renaissance art.
reservation Lowercase for generic meaning but uppercase for the name of a specific American Indian reservation: He left the reservation years ago. John grew up on the Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation. See Appendix C.
Montana tribes and reservations:
Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Reservation
Chippewa Cree Tribe of the Rocky Boy's Reservation
Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation
Crow Tribe of the Crow Reservation
Fort Belknap Tribes of the Fort Belknap Reservation
Fort Peck Tribes of the Fort Peck Reservation
Little Shell Chippewa Tribe (federally recognized in late 2019)
Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Reservation
résumé, resume The first refers to a summary of a job applicant's previous work experience. The second means to begin again or take back.
Rev. When you use this abbreviation before a name, precede it with "the": the Rev. John Bachmann.
River Bowl Field between the Clark Fork River and the Adams Center parking lot.
Rocky Mountains, the Rockies, the northern Rockies, the Rocky Mountain West
room names Capitalize the formal names of rooms: Dell Brown Room, Presidents Room.
room numbers Capitalize: Room 205 of the Social Science Building, Liberal Arts Building Room 122. A shortened version like "Rankin 310" is fine for intracampus documents and abbreviated materials, such as calendars.
ROTC Acceptable as first reference for the Reserve Officers' Training Corps.
Rural Institute Acceptable on first reference. The Rural Institute seeks to enhance the quality of life for people with disabilities, especially those individuals living in Montana and other rural areas.
Style Guide Index:
S
saint Abbreviate as St. with names of saints, cities and other places. Exceptions: Saint John, New Brunswick; Sault Ste. Marie, Mich.; and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.
St. Patrick Hospital is now Providence St. Patrick Hospital St. Patrick Hospital is acceptable on second reference; St. Pat's may be used informally.
scholar Capitalize formal names: Rhodes Scholar, Watkins Scholar, Fulbright Scholar, Presidential Scholar, Truman Scholar.
scholarships See awards, fellowships, scholarships entry.
School District 1 Includes grades K-12 in Missoula.
School of Extended & Lifelong Learning at UM Use ampersand. SELL is acceptable on second reference. Formerly Continuing Education at UM.
School of Fine Arts Now known as the College of Visual and Performing Arts. Schools within the College of Visual and Performing Arts include: the School of Theatre & Dance (formerly the Department of Drama/Dance); the School of Art; the School of Media Arts; the School of Music. The people who head these departments are directors, not chairs.
School of Education Now the Phyllis J. Washington College of Education and Human Sciences.
School of Law Alternatives: the law school, the University of Montana School of Law. Located in the Law Building.
School of Theatre & Dance at UM Use ampersand.
schools See departments, offices, programs, schools entry.
Schreiber Gymnasium
seasons of the year In general, lowercase. Winter came early last year.
section Capitalize and use with figures when referring to a course: Education 495, Section 1; Political Science 456, Section 80. See course titles entry.
self- Always hyphenate: self-assured, self-defense.
-self The -self pronouns (himself, myself, themselves) always refer to a noun or pronoun already stated in the sentence: I hit myself. The students themselves did the work. Wrong: The award was presented to Tom, Dick and myself. See me, myself entry
semester Lowercase: autumn semester 2010, spring semester, summer semester. Monday, Aug. 29, marks the beginning of autumn semester 2011. The course is only offered during spring semester. More than 2,000 students took classes during summer semester at UM. Use wintersession when referring to the three-week semester UM offers during winter break. The student took two credits during wintersession. As of fall 2010, use autumn semester, not fall semester, per registrar's request.
semi- See prefixes entry, but in general, no hyphen: semifinal, semiofficial, semi-invalid.
semicolon See Appendix A.
senior See junior, senior entry.
senior citizens Not "seniors." Use the term sparingly.
shutdown, shut down "Shutdown" is a noun: The factory shutdown put 1,000 employees out of work. "Shut down" is a verb: The engineer shut down the boilers to conserve fuel.
Skaggs School of Pharmacy
Sleven's Island Part of the University-owned property at Fort Missoula.
smokejumper
Snowbowl
south campus Lowercase. Refers to the area along Maurice and South avenues that includes University Villages, the University Golf Course, Dornblaser Field and other playing fields.
South Campus Stadium The UM playing field for women's intercollegiate soccer. Located on South Avenue near its intersection with Higgins Avenue.
SprinTurf Used in Washington-Grizzly Stadium.
Star Gazing Room UM’s planetarium is housed in the Star Gazing Room in the basement of the Payne Family Native American Center.
states Spell out a state's name in copy. The conference will be in Denver, Colorado. He is from Indiana. After living in San Diego, California, she moved to Montana. AP Style change of 2014. Adopted by UM in 2015. See ZIP codes entry.
sub- See prefixes entry, but, in general, no hyphen: subculture, subtotal, subzero.
subjunctive mood Most often a change of "to be" verb to express a wish or a hypothetical, improbable or contrary-to-fact condition, commonly in "if" or "as if" clauses: I wish I were (not was) in Arizona. If I were (not was) you, I'd get that job done first.
Also used in "that" clauses after such verbs as "demand," "recommend," "move" and "suggest": I move that the minutes be (not are) approved. John demanded that he be (not is) reinstated as president.
When used with verbs other than "to be," the -s is dropped in the third-person singular present tense: Carrie suggested that James see (not sees) the film before passing judgment.
Some common expressions use subjunctive mood: far be it from me, be that as it may, as it were, God bless you.
suffixes Follow Webster's for words not in this style guide. If a word combination isn't listed there, use two words for the verb form and hyphenate adjective and noun forms.
summer session Two five-week semesters held during May, June and July at UM.
super- See prefixes entry, but in general, no hyphen: supercharge, superhighway.
Superfund site
Style Guide Index:
T
teen, teenager, teenage No hyphen.
teepee Preferred in Montana to "tepee" and "tipi."
telephone numbers Use figures and dashes: 406-243-0211. No parentheses around area codes.
television Spell out when it stands alone. "TV" is acceptable as an adjective: TV program.
television station The call letters alone are often enough, but for clarity you can use an expression like "television station KPAX" or " KPAX-TV."
that See which, that and essential, nonessential clause entries.
theater, theatre Use "theater" generically and "theatre" after the names of specific theaters on campus: Montana Theatre, Masquer Theatre, University Theatre. Exception: University Center Theater.
Theatre & Dance Box Office Located in the Performing Arts and Radio/Television Center.
The Bookstore at the University of Montana Do not use. Known as the Go Griz Store as of 2023.
The Source Information desk in the University Center.
the University of Montana The correct first reference for the main Missoula campus. Do not capitalize "the" before "University of Montana." "UM" is fine for headlines. See UM entry; also see Appendix C for University of Montana components.
I attended the University of Montana for four years. She said the University of Montana Foundation raised $5 million. I wonder whether the University of Montana Grizzlies won. He graduated from the University of Montana School of Law.
time of day Use figures, followed by "a.m." or "p.m.": 5:45 p.m., 3 p.m. (not 3:00 p.m. ) Avoid redundancies like "12 noon," " 12 midnight," " 11 a.m. in the morning" and "from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m."; write "noon," " midnight," "11 a.m." and "1 to 5 p.m." Remember that noon is 12 p.m. and midnight is 12 a.m.
titles See entries on academic and other titles, composition titles, course titles, courtesy titles, and departments, offices, programs, schools.
too (meaning "also") usually preceded with a comma: My brother wanted to go, too. Follow "too" with a comma if the sentence continues after it: My brother wanted to go, too, but he had to stay home.
toward Not "towards."
tribe Uppercase: Fort Belknap Assiniboine Tribe. Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes.
try and Replace with "try to." Right: She went there to try to talk him into applying for the scholarship. Wrong: She went there to try and talk him into applying for the scholarship.
Style Guide Index:
U
UDASH A free shuttle service to Lewis and Clark Village, Missoula College and the off-campus park-and-ride lot at Dornblaser Field on South Avenue. Operated by the Office of Transportation.
UM On second reference use "UM" or "the University." Use "UM" in headlines. UM-Missoula is no longer required. Don't use "U of M," "UM-M," " U.M." or an abbreviation like "the Univ. of MT. " As an adjective, "the UM" is fine: He talked to the UM students. As a noun, it's wrong: He attended the UM. See the University of Montana entry.
UM Dining Do not use. Use Campus Dining. Name changed in December 2019.
UM Advocates Use "Advocates" on second reference.
un- See prefixes entry, but in general, no hyphen: unnecessary, unarmed, un-American.
underway The semester is already underway.
uninterested See disinterested, uninterested entry.
United States "U.S. " is acceptable as a noun. In headlines, do not use periods.
USDA Forest Service "The Forest Service" is acceptable on first reference. If you use "USDA Forest Service" note that there are no periods in USDA.
university Lowercase when speaking of no university in particular: High school students wonder whether they'll like university life. Capitalize when referring to UM: I've attended the University since 2014. See the University of Montana and UM entries.
University Center Spell out on first reference. Use "UC" on second reference.
University Center Atrium The central, open area in the UC.
University Center Ballroom located on the third floor of the UC. Can be divided in the North Ballroom and the South Ballroom.
University Center Food Court Located on the second floor of the UC.
University Center Theater Movie theater located on the third floor of the University Center. Use "UC Theater" on second reference.
University of Montana Foundation Spell out on first reference. Refer to it as "the foundation" or "the UM Foundation" on second reference.
University Hall See Main Hall entry.
University of Montana See the University of Montana and UM entries.
University of Montana Rural Institute: A Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities Education, Research and Service Use "the University of Montana Rural Institute" on first reference. On subsequent references, use "the Rural Institute."
University system The official name is the Montana University System. "The university system" or "MUS" is acceptable on second reference. See Montana University System entry.
University Theatre Renamed the George and Jane Dennison Theatre in May 2012. Dennison Theatre on first reference is fine. Located in the Fine Arts Building.
universitywide
up- See prefixes entry, but in general, no hyphen: upgrade, upstate, uptown, upend.
-up Check Webster's for hyphenation. Some common listings: breakup, buildup, cleanup, lineup, grown-up, follow-up, close-up. If the word is used as a noun but not listed in Webster's, hyphenate. As a verb, use two words: Please clean up after yourself. We need to build up his confidence.
uppercase One word for noun, verb and adjective when referring to the use of capital letters.
Urey Lecture Hall Acceptable on first reference. See entries for Harold C. Urey Lecture Hall and North Underground Lecture Hall.
utilize Replace with "use."
Style Guide Index:
V
versus Spell out in ordinary speech and writing. In short expressions, however, the vs. abbreviation is permitted. For court cases, use "v.": Roe v. Wade.
Veterans Education and Transition Services Office UM office established to assist veterans and their family members with using their VA Education Benefits. Spell out on first reference. VETS Office is acceptable on subsequent references. Office located at 1000 E. Beckwith Ave.
Veterans Day, Veterans Hospital
vice president Don't hyphenate this or other titles that include the word "vice." Lowercase except before a proper name: Vice President Charles Fairbanks.
Style Guide Index:
W
Washington, D.C. Treat "D.C." like an abbreviation for a state, using a comma before and after, except at the end of a sentence: Washington, D.C., is the nation's capital. The Model UN students took a trip to Washington, D.C.
Washington-Grizzly Stadium
web Short form of World Wide Web, it is a part of the internet that enables the distribution of image-rich content and information. The web is not the same as the internet, but is a subset; other applications, such as email, exist on the internet.
webcam, webmaster, website, webpage one word. But web address, web browser are two words.
weeklong
western Montana: Lowercase the region when referring to general regions: Two feet of snow fell in western Montana. Farmers grow a lot of grain in northcentral Montana. The snow storm stalled over southwest Montana. The student hails from western Washington. She now lives in eastern Montana.
whether Not "whether or not": I wonder whether I will flunk out, not I wonder whether or not I will flunk out. See if, whether entry.
which, that Use "which" and "that" to refer to inanimate objects and unnamed animals. Generally, "which" is preceded by a comma, while "that" is not: The dog, which was brown, ate my shoe. The dog that ate my shoe is brown. See essential, nonessential clause/phrase and who, whom entries.
who, whom Use "who" and "whom" to refer to humans and named animals: Jack owns Constitution, who is a former race horse. Our dog Dexter, whom we bought two years ago, is a Chihuahua.
Use "who" for the subject of a clause, sentence or phrase: The man who runs the store is a friend of mine. Who stole the car?
Use "whom" when a person is the object of a verb or preposition: As Lily Tomlin asked, "Is this the person to whom I am speaking?" Whom do you plan to call?
Some examples of how to test for proper use of "who" or "whom": Jack, who I hope has called you back, got home a week ago. Mentally rearrange the tricky clause: I hope he has called you back. If you can substitute "he" or "she" for "who," "who" is correct in the original sentence.
Courtney, whom I trusted with my life, just set my house on fire. Recast the "whom" clause: I trusted her with my life. If you can substitute "her" or "him" for "whom," "whom" is correct in the original sentence.
Use the same tests for "whoever" and "whomever."
who's, whose "Who's" is a contraction for "who is": Who's there? "Whose" is possessive: I don't know whose shoes those are.
wide- Usually hyphenated: wide-angle, wide-awake, wide-open. Exception: widespread.
-wide No hyphen: campuswide, citywide, statewide, worldwide, universitywide.
-wise No hyphen when the word means in the direction of or with regard to: clockwise, lengthwise, otherwise. Avoid contrived expressions like "religionwise" and "moneywise." Hyphenate "penny-wise" because it's a compound adjective in which "-wise" means "smart."
workday, workweek
workforce one word. UM graduates successfully enter the workforce.
workplace, workstation
work-study
Style Guide Index:
X, Y, Z
yearlong
year-round
youth Applies to boys and girls age 13 to 18. Use "man" or "woman" for people 18 and older. See boy and girl entries.
ZIP codes Use one space and no comma between state and ZIP code: For more information, write to the Center for Continuing Education, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812. Use the state abbreviations listed below in addresses. See states entry for abbreviations in text.
Style Guide Index:
Appendix A: Punctuation
apostrophe (') Use an apostrophe with plurals of single letters and for shortening decades except when the figure follows "mid-": A's, B's and C's; the '70s, mid-70s.
Don't use an apostrophe with plurals of figures or words or multiple letters: in the 1800s; 10s and 20s; ifs, ands or buts; ABCs, IOUs.
Also see possessives.
colon ( : ) The most frequent use of the colon is at the end of a sentence to introduce lists. When the introduction is not a complete sentence and one or more of the items on the list are needed to complete, no colon is used.
Capitalize the first word after a colon if it's a proper noun, if it starts a complete sentence, or if it's the first word in the second part of a composition title: "Corporate Raiding: An Insider's View."
comma ( , ) Use a comma to:
Set off state from the rest of the sentence when used with city: He moved to Bethesda, Maryland, after living in Montana five years.
Set off a date preceded by a day of the week: The event will be on Monday, Nov. 5, at UM.
Set off quotations: The sergeant said, "I can't hear you." "Honey, I'm home," Ward said.
Separate equal adjectives: a thoughtful, precise manner; the free, public lecture. Equal adjectives can be reversed or scrambled.
Separate two independent clauses — groups of words that could stand on their own as sentences — joined by a conjunction such as "and," "but," "or": I went to the store, and I spent far more than I'd planned. Come in, but shut the door behind you.
Set off nonessential clauses and phrases. See essential, nonessential clause/phrase entries.
Avoid comma splices — joining two independent clauses with a comma but no conjunction. Wrong: I liked my history class, my professor was the best I've ever had. Use a period, semicolon or comma and conjunction instead: I liked my history class. My professor was the best I've ever had. Or: I liked my history class; my professor was the best I’ve ever had.
Omit the comma between the last two items in a series unless needed for clarity: Jake, Melanie and Sierra came to my party.
Use a comma with numbers: 1,000 men, $66,000, 12,000 acres.
Look out for these tricky cases:
My husband, Ralph, drives a bus. You have only one husband, so you set off "Ralph" with commas. See essential, nonessential phrase entry.
My son Robert is a pyromaniac. You have three sons, so you don't set off "Robert" with commas. See essential, nonessential phrase entry.
I went to the store, where I bought $50 worth of bananas. Notice how the meaning of this sentence changes when you omit the comma: I went to the store where I bought $50 worth of bananas. See essential, non-essential clause entry.
dash ( — ) Most commonly used to indicate an abrupt change in thought or to set off a series of words that would otherwise be separated by commas: I'll get to New York City — I don't care how — or die trying. He had the qualifications — hands, height, speed and agility — of a promising basketball star. Leave a space on each side of the dash. Two hyphens may be used for a dash, if necessary.
ellipsis ( ... ) Use an ellipsis to show you've deleted one or more words in shortening quotes, texts and documents. In general, treat an ellipsis as a three-letter word; use three periods with one space on each side of ellipsis.
When the words before an ellipsis form a complete sentence in the original or condensed form, use a period at the end of the last word before the ellipsis. I didn't want to teach anymore. ... Will you be there? ...
When you delete material at the end of one paragraph and the beginning of the next one, put an ellipsis in both places.
Don't use ellipses at the beginning and end of direct quotes: "I've had enough," the vice president said. Not "... I've had enough, ..." the vice president said.
To show hesitation: What ... what makes you say that?
exclamation point ( ! ) Avoid. It is seen as amateurish. See quotation marks entry.
hyphen ( - ) Use a hyphen to:
Join compound modifiers: second-quarter report, half-time job, record-breaking sprint. Don't hyphenate two-word modifiers that include the adverb "very" and adverbs ending in "-ly": very good grades, beautifully illustrated book.
Avoid ambiguity: He re-covered his roof. She spoke to small-business women.
Indicate suspensive hyphenation: She received a 15- to 20-year sentence in the state prison.
Note: Many compounds that are hyphenated before a noun aren't hyphenated when they follow a noun: I have a half-time job. I work half time.
parentheses ( ) In general, avoid. They disrupt the flow of a sentence, distracting the reader. The information usually can be deleted or left where it is without parentheses.
quotation marks (" ") Commas and periods go inside quotes. Colons and semicolons go outside.
Exclamation points and question marks go inside the end quotation marks if they apply directly to the quoted material; otherwise, they go outside the quotes: She asked, "Do I have to take the test?" Did she say, "I'm leaving now"?
If a full paragraph of quoted material is followed by a paragraph continuing the quotation, don't put close-quote marks at the end of the first paragraph. Do put open-quote marks at the start of the second paragraph.
If a paragraph doesn't start with quotation marks but ends with a quotation that's continued in the next paragraph, don't use close-quote marks at the end of the first paragraph if the quoted material forms a complete sentence. Do use close-quote marks if the quoted material doesn't form a complete sentence.
semicolon ( ; ) Connects two closely related ideas: The conference drew participants from across the country; two came from as far away as Nome, Alaska.
Use semicolons in a series when at least one of the items in the series includes punctuation: My children are David, 5; John, 3; and Suzanne, 1. For clarity, you may also use semicolons to separate items in a lengthy series in which no individual item includes internal punctuation.
Style Guide Index:
Appendix B: Building Names
Note: The first names and middle initials of people may be left off building names on first reference.
Aber Hall
Adams Center
Art Annex/Grizzly Pool
BioResearch Building
Brantly Hall
Charles H. Clapp Building
Chemistry Building
Clinical Psychology Center
Corbin Hall
Craig Hall
Curry Health Center, use Health Center on second reference
Davidson Honors College
Don Anderson Hall
Duniway Hall
Eck Hall in the Liberal Arts Building
Elrod Hall
Emma B. Lommasson Center
Fine Arts Building
Fitness and Recreation Center
F.L.A.T. House
Forestry Building
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
George and Jane Dennison Theatre
Harold C. Urey Lecture Hall
Harold and Priscilla Gilkey Building
Health Sciences Building
Heating Plant
Interdisciplinary Science Building
International Center
International House
James E. Todd Building
Jeannette Rankin Hall
Jesse Hall
John C. Hoyt Athletic Complex
Knowles Hall
Law Building
Leland M. Yates Chemistry Stores Building
Liberal Arts Building
Mathematics Building
Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library
McGill Hall
Miller Hall
Missoula College Building
Missoula College West Campus
Music Building
Natural Science Building
North Corbin Hall
North Underground Lecture Hall
Pantzer Hall
Performing Arts and Radio/Television Center
Phyllis J. Washington Education Center
Physical Plant
Prescott House
Schreiber Gymnasium
Skaggs Building
Social Science Building
Stone Hall (formerly Old Journalism)
The Payne Family Native American Center
Turner Hall
University Center
University Hall (Main Hall)
VETS Office
Washington-Grizzly Stadium
Washington-Grizzly Champions Center
William and Rosemary Gallagher Building (Gallagher Business Building)
Style Guide Index:
Appendix C: Montana Colleges
Montana University System
University of Montana and affiliated campuses
Montana State University and affiliated campuses
Dawson Community College (Glendive)
Flathead Valley Community College (Kalispell)
Miles Community College (Miles City)
University of Montana
University of Montana (Missoula)
Missoula College of the University of Montana (first reference), Missoula College UM (second reference), MC (third and later references).
Bitterroot College of the University of Montana (first reference), Bitterroot College UM (second reference), BC (third and later references).
Helena College-University of Montana (first reference), Helena College UM (second reference), HC (third and later references).
Montana Tech of the University of Montana (Butte)
Highlands College of Montana Tech
University of Montana Western (first reference), Montana Western (second reference), UMW (third and subsequent references)
Montana State University
Gallatin College
Montana State University-Bozeman
Montana State University-Billings
Montana State University-Great Falls College
Montana State University-Northern (Havre)
Montana's private colleges
Carroll College (Helena)
Rocky Mountain College (Billings)
University of Providence (Great Falls)
Montana's tribal colleges
Blackfeet Community College (Browning)
Chief Dull Knife College (Lame Deer)
Fort Belknap College (Harlem)
Fort Peck Community College (Poplar)
Little Big Horn Community College (Crow Agency)
Salish Kootenai College (Pablo)
Stone Child College (Box Elder)